| ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠪᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ︶ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠲᠥᠯ᠂ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠮ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠣᠢ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠥ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠲᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂1850 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ︽ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂1898︱1903 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠴᠦ | ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠧᠪᠵᠢᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠣᠪᠳᠣᠨᠪᠠᠯᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂912 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ4000 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ︽ᠮᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂1919 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠ᠂1921 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ97 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠ᠂1923 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦ᠂1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠣᠪᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠷᠠᠩ᠂ ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠴᠢ᠂1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠴᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ200 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ | ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ |